210 http://sosains.greenvest.co.id

JURNAL

SOSAINS

JURNAL SOSIAL DAN SAINS

VOL 2 NO 2 2022

P-ISSN 2774-7018, E-ISSN 2774-700X

CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN DEFENDING NATIONALISM IN THE

DIGITAL 4.0 ERA TO FACE THE SOCIETY 5.0 ERA

Theodore Wibisono Rumpak

, Muhammad Fahmi Faturrahman

, Kevin Ramadhan

dan

Yusuf Akmal Agam

1,2

Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

3,4

Multidisciplinary Faculty of Advanced Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia

Corresponding Author : Moses Glorino Rumambo Pandin

Email : [email protected]

, theorerumpak@gmail.com, faturrahman12@gmail.com

[email protected]

dan [email protected]

Article Info :

Received : January, 17

2022

Disetujui : February, 10

2022

Dipublikasikan : February, 15

2022

Keywords:

Digital Era,

Society Era,

Nationalism

ABSTRACT

Background : The Digital Era 4.0 is a new phase in the industrial era that focuses on

automation, interconnectivity, machine learning, real time data and automation. Purpose :

Various countries have prepared and are willing to complete in the digital 4.0 era, so not

many countries face various problems. Method : on the learning citizenship, this relates to

the era of society 5.0 where the two don’t have much difference. Result : The world

community is required to possess the ability to solve complex problems , think critically and

ambiguity. So with the presence of era society 5.0 , it can be a solution.The principle is based

on the role of humans who live side by side with technology. Conclusion : So that humans

balance real time data between economic progress with solving various social problems

using a system that connects the real world with the virtual world.

INTRODUCTION

The virtual technology or usually known as the industrial Revolution which is

presently entering degree 4.0 (Lasi, Fettke, Kemper, Feld, & Hoffmann, 2014). The first

industrial Revolution started with the appearance of steam power, mechanization and

hydropower which came about around the 18th and 19th centuries (Bruland & Smith,

2013). This mechanization turned into then accompanied by means of the second one

commercial revolution, which changed into worried with mass manufacturing and meeting

traces the use of strength (Rodgers, 2014). in the meantime, the industrial revolution is

related to the improvement of electronics, records generation systems, and automation,

which leads to the fourth business revolution, particularly the development of cyber

physical systems. every other time period for the industrial Revolution 4.0 is the era of

disruption.

The development of virtual generation in the modern industrial technology 4.0 has

delivered changes and endorsed diverse factors of human lifestyles, along with within the

area of schooling (Sima, Gheorghe, Subić, & Nancu, 2020). Hoyles and Lagrange (2010)

assert that virtual era is the aspect that maximizes the influence of the education system in

Citizenship Education In Defending Nationalism In

The Digital 4.0 Era To Face The Society 5.0 Era

2022

Theodore Wibisono Rumpak, Muhammad Fahmi Faturrahman, Kevin Ramadhan

dan Yusuf Akmal Agam 211

the world these days (Maher & Sigley, 2020). This is because of the elements of

effectiveness, efficiency and attractiveness provided by way of virtual technology-based

totally gaining knowledge of the era of the commercial revolution 4.0 became marked via

the development of the net of things which penetrated in numerous fields of people's lives

today (Serdyukov, 2017). One of them is in the field of education. Therefore, there are

several efforts that need to be made, curriculum revitalization, proper use of information

technology.

The manifestation of the Society 5.0 era makes humans as the main component in

the development of life which is followed by advances in technology and information.

Industry 4.0 and society 5.0 pose great challenges to the global community, including the

people of Indonesia (Gladden, 2019). It is necessary to design and implement learning in

accordance with the demands of industry 4.0, or what is often called the disruptive era, and

society 5.0 (Narvaez Rojas, Alomia Peñafiel, Loaiza Buitrago, & Tavera Romero, 2021).

On the other hand, easy access to information can fulfill needs and curiosity, on the

other hand, without having skills in the digital world, this will have a negative impact on

life. The younger generation uses the internet actively in ways that might contribute to their

civic engagement (Hao, Wen, & George, 2014).

According to Muhadjir Effendy (Mendikbud) that the industrial revolution 4.0 has

entered the world of higher education, it is necessary to improve the curriculum to

strengthen the nationalism of students when facing the Era of Society, including: critical

thinking, creativity as well as innovation, interpersonal skill followed by communication

teamwork combined with collaboration, confidence.

Citizenship Learning in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0 has a goal with 4C

characteristics. The description of the 4C characteristics is as follows critical thinking with

problem solving. Firstly, Critical thinking skills are higher-order thinking skills that do not

only memorize but use and manipulate the material that has been learned.critical thinking

with problem solving. Communication the ability to communicate is the interaction

between students who convey their ideas to each other. In this case, students are required

to use digital media and social media as learning resources. In learning citizenship, good

communication is needed and can increase students' knowledge. Collaboration. is working

together, adapting in various roles and responsibilities personally to achieve goals. This is

to provide solutions to various problems of the digital era in society. Creativity and

Innovation. Creativity and innovation are developing, implementing, and conveying new

ideas to others and being open and responsive to new and different opinions

(Purnawirawan, Sudana, & Harlanu, 2019).

Educators are required to develop higher order thinking skills (HOTS). HOTS-

according to Resnick (1987) is a complicated idea manner in describing material,

constructing representations, building relationships, analyzing, and making conclusions

involving the most simple intellectual activities (Lim, 2018). Within the technology of

society 5.0, humans are faced with technology that permits get right of entry to in virtual

space that feels like physical space, in massive records era and robots to do or aid human

paintings (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2020). In contrast to the commercial revolution 4.0 which

emphasizes business most effective, but with the technology of the generation of society

5.0, a new value is created that may potentially get rid of social gaps based on age, ethics,

gender, language.

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Figure 1. Society 5.0 reduces social inequality (Government 2018).

The focus of expertise in the field of 21st century education currently includes

creativity, critical thinking, communication and collaboration or known as 4Cs (Risdianto,

2019). Some abilities in the field of education, especially civic education, which include:

team-working, leadership, global citizenship, entrepreneurship, problem solving, digital

literacy.

RESEARCH METHODS

The following method that are being used in this research are literature study and

field study. Literature studies are carried out by looking for reliable reference sources from

the internet while field studies are carried out by making a questionnaire via a google form

which will be distributed online and can be filled out by Airlangga University students and

non-Airlangga University students. The google form questionnaire distributed will contain

respondent data such as their name, gender, domicile and age. The questions that will be

asked on the google form relate to the topic being researched, namely Citizenship

Education in defending Nationalism in the Digital 4.0 era to face the Society 5.0 era. The

choice of the answer to the questionnaire is in the form of a scale of 1 - 5 with a scale of 1

meaning "disagree" to a scale of 5 which means "strongly agree" After the data obtained

from the google form has sufficed the specified and required amount, then the data

processing will be carried out in a manner and the results of the processing will be presented

in tabular form along with additional narratives.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This literature study and field study aims to analyze and find out in the scope of

education, especially citizenship which is taught by teachers in schools. According to the

Ministry of Communication and Information, in the digital era, of course, the values of

nationalism must be instilled through digital literacy, so that people can use Pancasila as a

barrier to understanding that undermines state sovereignty. The Ministry of

Communication and Information has four digital literacy frameworks, one of which is

digital culture which teaches about national insight in the digital space. There are four

basics that will be embedded in digital culture, namely :

1. Basic knowledge of Pancasila and Bhinneka Tunggal Ika as the foundation of

cultural, national, and Indonesian language life.

Citizenship Education In Defending Nationalism In

The Digital 4.0 Era To Face The Society 5.0 Era

2022

Theodore Wibisono Rumpak, Muhammad Fahmi Faturrahman, Kevin Ramadhan

dan Yusuf Akmal Agam 213

2. Basic knowledge distinguishes any information that is not in line with Pancasila

values.

3. Basic knowledge about the importance of multiculturalism and diversity, as well

as understanding how to preserve regional languages, arts, and culture in the digital

space.

4. Basic knowledge that encourages behavior to love domestic products, as well as

understanding the right to access freedom of expression and intellectual property

rights in the digital world.

This digital era cannot be separated from the role of technology that drives the

economy, industry, and daily life. Students and students in this learning environment need

to be equipped with knowledge about the digital era 4.0 so that they are able to deal with

changes that can occur at any time (Balyer & Öz, 2018).

Information age, there are also many social media that can be used for the rapid

dissemination of information. However, unfortunately social media is misused with the

emergence of hoaxes or hate speech.

Table 1.

Respondents Characteristics

Characteristics

Percentage(%)

Gender

Women

33.3

Men

66.7

Age

18-20

100

Origin of Institution

Universitas Airlangga

44.4

Non-Universitas Airlangga

55.6

The field study method used is in the form of filling out a questionnaire. The age

range of the respondents is 18-20 years old. Respondents were dominated by men, namely

66.7% while women were 33.3%. In addition, most of the respondents are non-airlangga

with a total of 55.6% and 44.4% from UNAIR. The questionnaire is in the form of questions

and statements about civic education in maintaining nationalism in the digital 4.0 era to

face the era of society 5.0, in which some statements from the questions given contain

incorrect statements or have no relation to the question (Carr, Cuervo Sanchez, & Daros,

2020). The aim is to find out to what extent respondents know about nationalism, the era

of society, the industrial revolution 4.0, and how important civic education is to face the

present.

Table 2.

respondent’s understanding of the era of society 5.0, the industrial revolution 4.0, and

civic education to maintain nationalism

Item

Percentage(%)

Have a good understanding of era of society 5.0, industrial revolution

4.0, and civic education to maintain nationalism.

Yes

27.8

Not

16.7

know but don't understand the concept

55.6

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The results we get from the questionnaire are, as many as 55.6% of respondents

know the meaning, but do not understand the concept of the era of society 5.0, the industrial

revolution 4.0, and civic education to maintain nationalism. A total of 27.8% of

respondents, already know and understand the concept. As many as 16.7% of respondents,

still do not know and understand the concept or are still too unfamiliar with the era of

society 5.0, the industrial revolution 4.0, and civic education to maintain nationalism.

Table 3.

Respondent’s views on civic education to maintain nationalism.

Item

Percentage(%)

Respondent’s views on civic education to

maintain nationalism.

Strongly agree

38.9

Agree

27.8

Quite agree

33.3

There are 38.9% of respondents who strongly agree that civic education plays a very

important role in maintaining nationalism in the digital era 4.0 to face the era of Society

5.0. There are 27.8% agree that civic education plays a very important role in maintaining

nationalism in the digital era 4.0 to face the era of Society 5.0. Also, 33.3% of respondents

quite agree that civic education plays a very important role in maintaining nationalism in

the digital era 4.0 to face the era of Society 5.0.

Based on the survey results regarding understanding the concept of society 5.0,

industry 4.0, and civic education to defend nationalism, more than 50% of respondents

know about society 5.0, the industrial revolution 4.0, and civic education to defend

nationalism, but do not understand the concept. This means that the majority of respondents

have heard of the term society 5.0 era, industrial revolution 4.0, and civic education to

defend nationalism, but have not understood the concept (Koizumi, 2019).

The results of the survey on respondent’s views on civic education to maintain

nationalism showed 38.9% of respondents strongly agree. This means that respondents

think that civic education is a place to learn to understand the character of the nation and

be a protector from the dangers of social media that can cause the sense of nationalism to

fade. 27.8% agree with the assumption that learning civics education is related to improving

thinking power and being able to know what is right and wrong in this sophisticated era.

Also, 33.3% of respondents quite agree with the assumption that there is little relation and

contribution from civic education in maintaining nationalism.

CONCLUSION

An understanding of the concept of the era of society 5.0, with the industrial

revolution 4.0, and civic education to maintain nationalism in Indonesia is still lacking.

Therefore, education is needed about the concept of the era of society 5.0, the industrial

revolution 4.0, and civic education to maintain nationalism in Indonesia. The solution

given to help the Indonesian people to add insight into the concept of the era of society 5.0,

the industrial revolution 4.0, and civic education is to synchronize the Indonesian education

curriculum with the era of society 5.0 and the industrial revolution 4.0. As the times

develop, it is hoped that the Indonesian people can open their views and add insight to the

era of society 5.0, the industrial revolution 4.0, and civic education.

Citizenship Education In Defending Nationalism In

The Digital 4.0 Era To Face The Society 5.0 Era

2022

Theodore Wibisono Rumpak, Muhammad Fahmi Faturrahman, Kevin Ramadhan

dan Yusuf Akmal Agam 215

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