Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Perempuan dan Otonomi Kerja Melalui Employee Engagement Sebagai Variabel Moderating Terhadap Happiness

Abstract

This study analyzes the influence of female leadership style and work autonomy on employee happiness with employee engagement as a moderating variable in the banking sector in Jakarta, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. Using quantitative causal methods and Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis through SmartPLS 4.0 on 385 bank employee respondents, the study found that female leadership style has a significant positive effect on employee happiness (β=0.595, p<0.05), as does work autonomy (β=0.243, p<0.05). However, employee engagement fails to moderate the relationship between female leadership style and happiness (p=0.107>0.05) or work autonomy and happiness (p=0.314>0.05). These findings indicate that empathetic and collaborative female leadership and the provision of work autonomy directly increase employee happiness without depending on engagement levels. Practical implications highlight the importance of developing female leadership capacity and providing work flexibility to improve employee well-being in the banking industry.