Strategi Komprehensif Penguatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Jiwa Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v6i10.32806Keywords:
Pelayanan Kesehatan Jiwa, Continuum of Care, Analisis Kebijakan, Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis, Layanan Kesehatan PrimerAbstract
Gangguan jiwa merupakan penyebab disabilitas yang bermakna di Indonesia, sementara akses layanan masih terfragmentasi akibat ketimpangan tenaga dan fasilitas, stigma, serta koordinasi lintas sektor yang lemah. Makalah kebijakan ini bertujuan memprioritaskan masalah pelayanan kesehatan jiwa, memetakan kesenjangan sepanjang continuum of care, menilai pilihan kebijakan, dan menyusun arah penguatan sistem. Kajian deskriptif-kualitatif menggunakan data sekunder dari survei nasional, statistik layanan dan tenaga, dokumen regulasi, serta kerangka World Health Organization. Analisis mencakup kajian situasi, prioritisasi Urgency–Seriousness–Growth (USG), penilaian kesenjangan layanan dan regulasi, serta Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Masalah tertinggi adalah belum tersedianya sistem layanan komprehensif, terintegrasi, dan berkesinambungan (USG 15), diikuti ketimpangan sumber daya dan tata kelola lintas sektor (masing-masing 13). Penguatan layanan Puskesmas menempati urutan pertama dalam MCDA (84/100), disusul jejaring komunitas dan layanan berjenjang (masing-masing 82), serta rumah sakit sebagai pusat rujukan dan rehabilitasi–reintegrasi (masing-masing 77). Angka tersebut merupakan penilaian analitis berbasis bukti, bukan estimasi statistik efektivitas kebijakan. Kajian merekomendasikan penguatan layanan terpadu dari hulu ke hilir dalam enam lapisan dan lima tahap implementasi. Urutan rekomendasi masih memerlukan validasi pemangku kepentingan serta uji sensitivitas penilaian.
References
Anindyajati, G., Mardiasmo, D. R., Sekarasih, L., Susilaradeya, D., Takwin, B., Pelupessy, D. C., & Diatri, H. (2022). The right to health: COVID-19 pandemic and the opportunity to transform mental health inequalities in Indonesia. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 844656. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.844656
Anjara, S. G., Brayne, C., & van Bortel, T. (2021). Perceived causes of mental illness and views on appropriate care pathways among Indonesians. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 15(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-021-00497-5
Baklien, B., Marthoenis, M., Aceh, A. R., & Thurston, M. (2023). Pasung: A qualitative study of shackling family members with mental illness in Indonesia. Transcultural Psychiatry, 60(3), 566–576. https://doi.org/10.1177/13634615221135254
Basrowi, R. W., Wiguna, T., Samah, K., Moeloek, N. D. F., Soetrisno, M., Purwanto, S. A., Ekowati, M., Elisabeth, A., Rahadian, A., Ruru, B., & Pelangi, B. (2024). Exploring mental health issues and priorities in Indonesia through qualitative expert consensus. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 20, e17450179331951. https://doi.org/10.2174/0117450179331951241022175443
Center for Public Mental Health UGM, & Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2022). Pemetaan analisa situasi masalah kesehatan jiwa di Indonesia. Center for Public Mental Health.
Cipta, D. A., & Saputra, A. (2022). Changing landscape of mental health from early career psychiatrists’ perspective in Indonesia. Journal of Global Health Neurology and Psychiatry, e2022011. https://doi.org/10.52872/001c.37413
Erskine, H. E., Maravilla, J. C., Wado, Y. D., Wahdi, A. E., Vu, L. M., Fine, S. L., Li, M., Ramaiya, A., Wekesah, F. M., Odunga, S. A., Njeri, A., Setyawan, A., Astrini, Y. P., Rachmawati, R., Hoa, D. T. K., Wallis, K., McGrath, C., Shadid, J., Enright, M. E., … Scott, J. G. (2024). Prevalence of adolescent mental disorders in Kenya, Indonesia, and Viet Nam measured by the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (NAMHS): A multi-national cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 403(10437), 1671–1680. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02641-7
Idaiani, S., & Riyadi, E. I. (2018). Sistem kesehatan jiwa di Indonesia: Tantangan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan, 2(2), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v2i2.134
Kaligis, F., Ismail, R. I., Wiguna, T., Prasetyo, S., Indriatmi, W., Gunardi, H., Pandia, V., & Magdalena, C. C. (2021). Mental health problems and needs among transitional-age youth in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4046. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084046
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2019). Riset kesehatan dasar 2018 (Basic health survey 2018).
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2023). Survei kesehatan Indonesia 2023.
Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. (n.d.). Background study RPJMN aspek kesehatan jiwa.
Lestari, W., & Wardhani, Y. F. (2014). Stigma dan penanganan penderita gangguan jiwa berat yang dipasung. Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan, 17(2), 157–166.
Munira, L., Liamputtong, P., & Viwattanakulvanid, P. (2023). Barriers and facilitators to access mental health services among people with mental disorders in Indonesia: A qualitative study. Belitung Nursing Journal, 9(2), 110–117. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.2521
Pusat Kesehatan Reproduksi FKKMK UGM. (2022). Indonesia - National Adolescent Mental Health Survey (I-NAMHS) - Stakeholders meeting.
Subu, M. A., Dias, J. M., Mottershead, R., Ahmed, F. R., Narulita, S., Maryuni, M., Zakiyah, Z., Nurbaeti, I., Mohamed Al Marzouqi, A., & Al-Yateem, N. (2024). Exploring mental health stigma among Indonesian healthcare students towards individuals with mental illnesses: A qualitative study. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 19(1), 2327103. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2024.2327103
Subu, M. A., Wati, D. F., Netrida, N., Priscilla, V., Dias, J. M., Abraham, M. S., Slewa-Younan, S., & Al-Yateem, N. (2021). Types of stigma experienced by patients with mental illness and mental health nurses in Indonesia: A qualitative content analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 15(1), 77. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-021-00502-x
Suryaputri, I. Y., Mubasyiroh, R., Idaiani, S., & Indrawati, L. (2022). Determinants of depression in Indonesian youth: Findings from a community-based survey. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 55(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.21.113
Tyas, T. H., Good, M.-J. D., Pratikno, B., Subandi, M. A., Marchira, C. R., & Good, B. J. (2024). Unlocking the mentally ill in Indonesia: An empirical study of the effectiveness of a “Bebas Pasung” program in Central Java. PLOS ONE, 19(10), e0302190. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302190
World Health Organization. (2021). Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013-2030. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031029
World Health Organization. (2022). Mental health: Strengthening our response. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Dzulfikar Arifi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
