The Effect of Male-to-Female Ratio and Enclosure Area in a Housing System on Productivity and Sales Revenue of Jumbo Farming in Rajagaluh District, Majalengka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v6i11.32811Keywords:
Group Housing System, Male-to-Female Ratio, Cage Area, Productivity, Jumbo Muscovy DuckAbstract
Jumbo Muscovy duck farming offers opportunities to improve the availability of animal protein and increase farmers’ sales revenue; however, productivity remains sensitive to reproductive management and housing conditions. This study examined the associations of the breeding sex ratio, expressed as the number of females per male, and enclosure area with offspring production and sales revenue in Rajagaluh District, Majalengka Regency, Indonesia. This quantitative observational study employed a cross-sectional design. Thirty farmers were purposively selected from a population of 50 based on their group-housing practices and the completeness of their data. Data were collected through direct observations, structured interviews, questionnaires, and document reviews and subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics and two multiple linear regression models. On average, farmers maintained 6.57 females per male in enclosures with an area of 8.56 m², producing 28.60 offspring and generating IDR 1,716,442.37 in sales revenue per production period. The breeding sex ratio and enclosure area were positively associated with both offspring production and sales revenue, individually and jointly, with all p-values below 0.001. The regression models explained 81.1% and 90.6% of the variation in offspring production and sales revenue, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of breeding composition and housing space as key management considerations in Jumbo Muscovy duck farming. Appropriate breeding ratios and adequate enclosure space may contribute to improved farm performance. However, the observational study design precludes causal inferences and does not establish an optimal combination of management practices.
References
Abdel-Hamid, T. M., El-Tarabany, M. S., & Abdel-Rahman, M. A. (2020). Housing systems influence behavior, welfare, and growth performance of Muscovy ducks. Poultry Science, 99(12), 6954–6963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.020
Aziabah, S. B. A., Biitir, S., & Attakora-Amaniampong, E. (2023). Organizational challenges of public housing management in the Global South. A systems assessment of Ghana. Housing Studies, 38(8), 1367–1391.
Chung, E. L. T., Bakar, N. A. A., Fauzi, N. A. A., Jesse, F. F. A., & Loh, T. C. (2026). How Stocking Density Affects Broiler Chicken Production Performance: A Comprehensive Review. Poultry Science Journal, 14(1), 1.
Damaziak, K., Michalczuk, M., Marzec, A., Niemiec, J., Turek, J., & Pietrzak, D. (2014). Influence of housing system on the growth and histological structure of duck muscles. South African Journal of Animal Science, 44(2), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v44i2.2
El Sabry, M. I., & Almasri, O. (2023). Global waterfowl production: stocking rate is a key factor for improving productivity and well-being—a review. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 55(6), 419.
Eratalar, S. A., Kaya, M., & Aksu, T. (2021). Effect of stocking density on slaughter performance and meat quality of Pekin ducks. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 23(4).
Han, T., Wang, T., Wang, Z., Xiao, T., Wang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Liu, D. (2022). Evaluation of gaseous and solid waste in fermentation bedding system and its impact on animal performance: A study of breeder ducks in winter. Science of The Total Environment, 836, 155672.
Hassoon, A., Ghazali, F. E. M., Khaleel, T., & Hadi, A. (2025). Growing demand for housing and the productivity challenges in developing housing projects in Iraq. Journal of Infrastructure Preservation and Resilience, 6(1), 3.
Hu, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, L., et al. (2024). Impacts of longitudinal water curtain cooling system on duck immunity and production performance. Poultry Science, 103(2).
Khan, A., Bressel, M., Davigny, A., Abbes, D., & Ould Bouamama, B. (2025). Comprehensive review of hybrid energy systems: challenges, applications, and optimization strategies. Energies, 18(10), 2612.
Krunt, O., Kraus, A., Zita, L., Machová, K., Chmelíková, E., Petrásek, S., & Novák, P. (2022). The effect of housing system and gender on relative brain weight, body temperature, hematological traits, and bone quality in Muscovy ducks. Animals, 12(3), 370.
Krunt, O., Zita, L., Kraus, A., Vejvodová, K., Drábek, O., Kuře, J., & Chmelíková, E. (2023). The impact of different environments on productive performance, welfare, and the health of Muscovy ducks during the summer season. Agriculture, 13(7), 1319.
Mishra, P., & Singh, G. (2023). Energy management systems in sustainable smart cities based on the internet of energy: A technical review. Energies, 16(19), 6903.
Makagon, M. M., & Riber, A. B. (2022). Setting research-driven duck welfare standards: A systematic review. Animals, 12(21), 2892.
Negm, E. A., & Mohammed, H. H. (2023). Effect of stocking density on behavior, performance and blood parameters of Muscovy ducks. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 107(4), 1115–1126.
Oketch, E. O., Kim, Y. Bin, Yu, M., Hong, J. S., Nawarathne, S. R., & Heo, J. M. (2023). Differences in bedding material could alter the growth performance of White Pekin ducks raised for 42 days. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 65(2), 377.
Szoke, Z., Fauszt, P., Mikolas, M., David, P., Szilagyi-Tolnai, E., Pesti-Asboth, G., Homoki, J. R., Kovacs-Forgacs, I., Gal, F., & Stundl, L. (2025). Comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial resistance dynamics among broiler and duck intensive production systems. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 4673.
Vorel, J., Krunt, O., Chodová, D., Kruntová, L., Hofmanová, A., & Zita, L. (2026). Rearing Housing System as a Determinant of Chicken Muscle Morphology and Technological Meat Properties. Poultry, 5(1), 10.
Widianingrum, D., Widjastuti, T., Anang, A., & Setiawan, I. (2020). Technical characteristics of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) in Ciayumajakuning, West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Agricultural Sciences – Sri Lanka, 15(2), 165–176.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fahrur Rizki, Dwi Purnomo, Akhmad jaeroni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
