The Effect of Digital Transformation on Employee Performance with Readiness for Change as a Moderating Variable at The Public Works and Spatial Planning Office of Central Kalimantan Province
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v6i11.32813Keywords:
Digital Transformation, Readiness for Change, Employee Performance, PLS-SEM, Public SectorAbstract
Digital transformation has become an increasingly important requirement for public-sector organizations; however, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding its effects on employee performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of digital transformation on employee performance and investigate the moderating role of employees' readiness for change at the Public Works and Spatial Planning Office (DPUPR) of Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. An explanatory quantitative research design was employed. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 164 respondents from a target sample of 167 employees, selected through purposive sampling from a population of 288 employees. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model satisfied the established criteria for convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability. The results indicated that digital transformation had a positive and statistically significant effect on employee performance (β = 0.251; t = 3.271; p = 0.001). Furthermore, readiness for change significantly and positively moderated the relationship between digital transformation and employee performance (β = 0.177; t = 2.728; p = 0.006), indicating that greater readiness for change strengthened this association. The structural model explained 59.5% of the variance in employee performance (R² = 0.595) and demonstrated substantial predictive relevance (Q² = 0.572). These findings suggest that improving employee performance through digital transformation requires not only technological development and enhanced digital competencies but also organizational initiatives that strengthen employees' readiness to embrace change. Therefore, public-sector organizations should integrate digital capability development with change management strategies to maximize the potential benefits of digital transformation for employee performance.
References
Nursidi, D., Kholiq, A., Raysid, F. A., Aziz, A., & Syam, R. M. (2025). Participatory Paradigm of Licensingin the Implementation of Spatial Planning Development Policy in Indonesia: A Proposal. Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change, 2204–2215.
Oktaviani, A. N. D., & Surya, I. (2026). Analysis of the Implementation of Bureaucratic Reform in Improving the Work Efficiency of the Secretariat at Dinas PUPR and PERA of East Kalimantan Province. Jurnal Kajian Dan Penelitian Umum, 4(3), 182–191.
Sipayung, B. (2022). Spatial planning policy for the new state capital in Penajam Paser Utara Regency and Kutai Kartanegara Regency in East Kalimantan Province and their problems. Awang Long Law Review, 4(2), 367–373.
Adisaksana, H. (2022). The effect of digital transformation, business innovation models, and creativity on MSME performance with competitive advantage as intervening variable. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics, 5(2).
Ahad, R., Mustafa, M. Z., Mohamad, S., Abdullah, N. H. S., & Nordin, M. N. (2021). Work attitude, organizational commitment and emotional intelligence of Malaysian vocational college teachers. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 13(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2021.13.01.002
Al-Maamari, Q. A., Kassim, R. M., Raju, V., Al-Tahitah, A., Ameen, A. A., & Abdulrab, M. (2018). Factors affecting individual readiness for change: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Management and Human Science, 2(1).
Alawiah, E. T., & Tukiran, M. (2024). Digital leadership and digital transformation: Systematic literature review. International Journal of Social and Management Studies. http://www.ijosmas.org
Anderson, D., & Ackerman Anderson, L. S. (2001). Beyond Change Management. Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.
Andriole, S. J. (2018). Skills and Competencies for Digital Transformation. IT Professional, 20(6), 78–81.
Arbaugh, J. B. (2002). Beyond Change Management: Advanced Strategies for Today's Transformational Leaders (Book). Academy of Management Learning & Education, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.5465/AMLE.2002.8509421
Ardian, R. Y. (2020). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Tsaqofah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 4(2).
Azis, M. A. (2021). Evaluasi Penugasan Anggota Polri di Luar Struktur Organisasi Kepolisian Dalam Mewujudkan Sdm Polri yang Unggul. Junal Litbang Polri, 24(2), 64–84.
Baiti, T., Andayani, N., & Hirawati, H. (2021). Pengaruh Pelatihan Dan Pengembangan Sdm Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT Pos Indonesia Cabang Kota Magelang. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ubhara, 3(2).
Battilana, J., & Casciaro, T. (2012). Change agents, networks, and institutions: A contingency theory of organizational change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(2), 381–398. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0891
Bowo, A. B. P., & Hendro, J. (2023). Analisis pengaruh pengembangan SDM, lingkungan kerja, komitmen organisasi dan motivasi terhadap kinerja karyawan: Literatur review. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi). https://journal.lembagakita.org/jemsi/article/view/895
Brauns, M. (2015). The management of change in a changing environment –to change or not to change? Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition, 11(3), 37–42. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbv11i3art4
Bygstad, B., Øvrelid, E., Ludvigsen, S., & Dæhlen, M. (2022). From dual digitalization to digital learning space: Exploring the digital transformation of higher education. Computers and Education, 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104463
Cameron, E., & Green, M. (2009). Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools & techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page.
Cekada, T. L. (2010). Training needs assessment: Understanding what employees need to know. Professional Safety, 28–35.
Cintia, V. R. D., Ayu, D. P., Putri, N. C., Citra, K. S., Bintang, A. T., & Malika, D. R. (2024). Pelatihan Dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Organisasi di Era Globalisasi Digital. Bisnis Dan Digital (JIMaKeBiDi), 1(2).
Darsana, I. M. (2023). Pelatihan pengembangan SDM bagi karyawan di Guest House Lokasari Ubud, Gianyar-Bali. SIKEMAS: Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. https://www.publish.ojs-indonesia.com/index.php/SIKEMAS/article/view/1264
Denmamode, L., & Panchoo, S. (2024). Digital transformation: A roadmap to leverage businesses for SMEs. Journal of Business and Enterprise Development. https://journal.ucc.edu.gh/index.php/jobed/article/view/1507
Desplaces, D. (2005). A multilevel approach to individual readiness to change.
Dessler, G. (2012). Human resource management (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Dorogaia, I. (2022). Change Management In The Digital Age: The Perspectives Of Development. Eastern European Journal Of Regional Studies, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.53486/2537-6179.8-1.04
Elia, F. D. (2019). Training and performance in the transition period. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(Proc2). https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.Proc2.15
Erman. (2020). Pentingnya pelatihan bagi aparatur untuk meningkatkan kompetensi PNS.
Faisol, F., Winarko, S. P., & Aliami, S. (2024). The digital transformation: Exploring innovation's impact on SME competency and sustainability in the digital age. In Proceedings of the Business Innovation and Engineering Conference (BISTIC 2024). Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/bistic-24/126004927
Firmansyah, R., & Napitupulu, E. V. (2024). The influence of employee engagement, digital transformation and talent management on the performance of Mercure Hotel Jakarta Kota employees. Jurnal Ekonomi Perusahaan, 31(2), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.46806/jep.v31i2.1197
Gibson, J. L., Ivancevich, J. M., & Donnelly, J. H. (2017). Organisasi: Perilaku, struktur, proses (8th ed.). Binarupa Aksara.
Gilstrap, J. B., & Hart, T. A. (2020). How employee behaviors effect organizational change and stability. Journal of Business Research, 109, 120–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.049
Haffar, M., Al-Karaghouli, W., Irani, Z., Djebarni, R., & Gbadamosi, G. (2019). The influence of individual readiness for change dimensions on quality management implementation in Algerian manufacturing organisations. International Journal of Production Economics, 207, 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2016.08.024
Hair, J. F. (2021). Next-generation prediction metrics for composite-based PLS-SEM. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 121(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-08-2020-0505
Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
Hasanah, H., Gebina, F., Chafshah, A., et al. (2024). Analisis pelatihan dan pengembangan karyawan. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Kewirausahaan, Bisnis dan Digital. https://ejournal.arimbi.or.id/index.php/JIMaKeBiDi/article/view/121
Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2014). Manajemen: Dasar, pengertian, dan masalah (Rev. ed.). Bumi Aksara.
Hayati, F. A., Sularmi, L., & Rahmadini, S. (2024). Pengaruh Digitalisasi Dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Bagian Operasional Pada Pt Bank Capital Indonesia. Scientific Journal Of Reflection: Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 7(2).
He, Z., Huang, H., Choi, H., & Bilgihan, A. (2023). Building organizational resilience with digital transformation. Journal of Service Management, 34(1), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-06-2021-0216
Herlina, E., Tukiran, M., Yusnita, N., et al. (2022). Peran pengembangan sumber daya manusia sebagai agen perubahan. Jurnal Sosial dan Teknologi. https://sostech.greenvest.co.id/index.php/sostech/article/view/346
Hidayani, S. (2016). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, 2008(Apr-2016), 1–86.
Hoberg, P., Krcmar, H., Oswald, G., & Welz, B. (2017). Skills for Digital Transformation. Technical University of Munich, Chair for Information Systems, Study.
Ismael, N. B., Othman, B. J., Gardi, B., Hamza, P. A., Sorguli, S., Aziz, H. M., Ahmed, S. A., Sabir, B. Y., Ali, B. J., & Anwar, G. (2021). The Role of Training and Development on Organizational effectiveness. International Journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM), 5(3), 2456–8678. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijebm.5.3
Ju, B., Lee, Y., Park, S., & Yoon, S. W. (2021). A Meta-Analytic Review of the Relationship Between Learning Organization and Organizational Performance and Employee Attitudes: Using the Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire. Human Resource Development Review, 20(2), 207–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484320987363
Kettinger, W. J., & Grover, V. (1995). Special Section: Toward a Theory of Business Process Change Management. Journal of Management Information Systems, 12(1), 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1995.11518068
Kontić, L., & Vidicki, Đ. (2018). Strategy for Digital Organization: Testing a Measurement Tool for Digital Transformation. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, 23(1).
Kreitner, R., & Cassidy, C. (2012). Management (12th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Krisnahadi, T., & Septika, B. H. (2021). Implementasi Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Dalam Peningkatan Produktivitas Karyawan Pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. JISIP (Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan), 5(2), 554–562. http://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JISIP/index
Laužikas, M., & Miliute, A. (2019). Communication efficiency and effectiveness within strategic management of change: Insights into civil service organizations. Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, 8(4), 617–630. https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2019.8.4(6)
Lizar, A. A., Mangundjaya, W. L. H., & Rachmawan, A. (2015). The Role Of Psychological Capital And Psychological Empowerment On Individual Readiness For Change. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(5), 343–344.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2010a). Organizational development: Implementing planned change. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 13(1), 1–9.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2010b). Managing change: The role of the change agent. International Journal of Management, Business and Administration, 13(1), 1–6.
Madsen, S. R., John, C. R., & Miller, D. (2006). Influential Factors in Individual Readiness for Change. Journal of Business & Management, 12(2), 93–112.
Mangundjaya, W. L. (2024). Metode Asessment Center sebagai sarana pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia melalui identifikasi potensi dan kompetensi SDM. Journal on Education, 06(04), 12550.
Martinelli, E. M., & Tunisini, A. (2024). Digitalization in Italian SMEs: The transformation of marketing channels. Italian Journal of Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43039-024-00099-2
Marx, C., de Paula, D., & Uebernickel, F. (2021). Dynamic capabilities & digital transformation: A quantitative study on how to gain a competitive advantage in the digital age. In Proceedings of the 29th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2021) (pp. 1–18). https://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2021_rp/58
Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2012). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (J. Sadeli & B. P. Hie, Trans.). Salemba Empat.
Mergel, I., Edelmann, N., & Haug, N. (2019). Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.06.002
Miao, R., Bozionelos, N., Zhou, W., & Newman, A. (2021). High-performance work systems and key employee attitudes: the roles of psychological capital and an interactional justice climate. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(2), 443–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2019.1710722
Mohd, I. H., Julan, J., Hisham, T. B., & Besar, T. (2020). Strategic Training And Development: The Impact On Employees' Performance. Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 5(2).
Monalis, E., Rumawas, W., & Tumbel, T. M. (2020). Pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Productivity, 1(3).
Munadil, R., Mumang, A. B., & Arifin, I. (2024). Pengembangan sumber daya manusia: Kunci keberhasilan pembangunan jangka panjang. Jurnal Edukasi dan Sosial. https://journal.ininnawaparaedu.com/edusos/article/view/60
Napitupulu, R. H. M. (2020). The Relationship Between Education, Training, and Civil Servant Lecturers Competency. Journal of Business Management Review, 1(2), 121–132. https://doi.org/10.47153/jbmr12.202020
Nugroho, M. N., & Paradifa, R. (2020). Pengaruh Pelatihan, Motivasi, Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Sumber Daya Manusia. JRMSI - Jurnal Riset Manajemen Sains Indonesia, 11(1), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.21009/jrmsi.011.1.08
Nurrohman, A. T., Sunaryo, H., & Basalamah, M. R. (2019). Analisis pengembangan sumber daya manusia, kerjasama tim dan kreativitas terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Mavens Mitra Perkasa Malang. e-Jurnal Riset Manajemen. https://jim.unisma.ac.id/index.php/jrm/article/view/8371
Oktafien, S., Kowara, Y., Endang, C., & Anggiani, S. (2023). Pengaruh Human Resource Digital Transformation, Emotional Intelligence dan Career Development terhadap Employee Performance Pegawai ASN Kecamatan di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung yang Dimediasi oleh Organizational Culture. JIIP (Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan), 6(6). http://Jiip.stkipyapisdompu.ac.id
Patarru', F., Nursalam, N., & Mar'ah HAS, E. M. (2020). Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Perawat. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan "SUARA FORIKES" (Journal of Health Research "Forikes Voice"), 11(4), 381. https://doi.org/10.33846/sf11411
Porfírio, J. A., Carrilho, T., Felício, J. A., & Jardim, J. (2021). Leadership characteristics and digital transformation. Journal of Business Research, 124, 610–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.058
Porotu'o, A. C., Kairupan, B. H. R., & Wahongan, G. J. P. (2021). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Dan Sikap Profesi Terhadap Kinerja Perawat Di Pelayanan Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Gmim Pancaran Kasih Manado Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening. JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN INOVASI UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI, 8(2), 576–580.
Ramafrizal, Y., Yogaswara, M., & Sopiansah, V. A. (2022). Pengaruh pelatihan, pengembangan dan pengalaman kerja terhadap kompetensi guru (Survey pada guru di SMAN 1 Bandung). Oikos: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Ekonomi dan Ilmu Ekonomi, 6(2), 226–232.
Retnowati, E., & Darmawan, D. (2022). Peningkatan Kinerja Karyawan Ditinjau Dari Sikap Kerja Dan Penegakan Keadilan Organisasi. ARBITRASE: Journal of Economics and Accounting, 3(2), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.47065/arbitrase.v3i2.490
Rialti, R., & Zollo, L. (2023). Digital transformation of SME marketing strategies. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33646-1
Riduan, M., & Firdaus, M. R. (2024). Transformasi Digital Dan Kinerja: Kajian Peran Budaya Organisasi, Kompetensi Digital, Strategi Bisnis Di Bisnis Telekomunikasi. JURNAL MANEKSI, 13(1).
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2013). Organizational behavior. Pearson Education Limited.
Rodríguez-Abitia, G., & Bribiesca-Correa, G. (2021). Assessing digital transformation in universities. Future Internet, 13(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13020052
Rukani, S. D., & Ratnasari, S. D. (2024). Mediation of dynamic innovation capability on digital transformation and employee collaborative innovation on employee performance. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics, 7(2).
Schell, W. J. (2019). Leadership and change management. In Traffic safety culture (pp. 191–218). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78714-617-420191013
Sedarmayanti. (2017). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Refika Aditama.
Sejati, S., Zainal, V. R., et al. (2022). Pengembangan, pelatihan, dan pendidikan dan pentingnya pelatihan karyawan perusahaan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Comserva: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat. https://comserva.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/comserva/article/view/392
Siregar, N. M., Harahap, N. J., & Halim, A. (2023). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja, Keterlibatan Kerja, Sikap Kerja dan Komitmen Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai PUDAM Tirta Bina Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi), 9(3), 554–564. https://doi.org/10.35870/jemsi.v9i3.1096
Smith, D. B., & Shields, J. (2013). Factors Related to Social Service Workers' Job Satisfaction: Revisiting Herzberg's Motivation to Work. Administration in Social Work, 37(2), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/03643107.2012.673217
Stich, V., Zeller, V., Hicking, J., & Kraut, A. (2020). Measures for a successful digital transformation of SMEs. Procedia CIRP, 93, 286–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.03.023
Sunarto, A. (2020). Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dengan Berbasis Inovasi untuk Menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi), 4(2), 397–407. http://www.journal.stiemb.ac.id/index.php/mea/article/view/504
Syahiroh, N., Fatekhah, S. A. P., et al. (2024). Konsep pengembangan sumber daya manusia berbasis kompetensi, bakat dan ketahanan dalam organisasi. Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Islam. https://journal.aripafi.or.id/index.php/jbpai/article/view/434
Syukron, M., Hendriani, S., & Maulida, Y. (2022). Pengaruh Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Riau. Jurnal Daya Saing, 8(2).
Tracey, P., Cavotta, V., & Phillips, N. (2018). Creating Social Value through Digital Transformation. Academy of Management Global Proceedings, 94.
Utami, L., Hapsari, S., & Widyandana. (2016). Hubungan Antara Sikap Dan Perilaku Kolaborasi Dan Praktik Kolaborasi Interprofesional Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 1(1).
Vakola, M. (2014). What's in there for me? Individual readiness to change and the perceived impact of organizational change. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 35(3), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-05-2012-0064
Vrchota, J., Mařiková, M., Řehoř, P., Rolínek, L., & Toušek, R. (2020). Human resources readiness for industry 4.0. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6010003
Waeger, D., & Weber, K. (2019). Institutional complexity and organizational change: An open polity perspective. Academy of Management Review, 44(2), 336–359. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2014.0405
Wahyudi, A., Assyamiri, M. B. T., Aluf, W. A., et al. (2023). Dampak transformasi era digital terhadap manajemen sumber daya manusia. Jurnal Bintang Manajemen. https://www.ijconf.org/index.php/jubima/article/view/2222
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Maudi Gerry Geraldy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
